The major themes and their presentation in the plays of Jean Giraudoux

First of all in this piece of research, the notion of 'Tragedy’ is discussed and Giraudoux’s conception of it is revealed. Rather than use the word 'Tragedy' it is better to say that his plays are 'Debates’. The major debate being that between Humanity and Destiny. Then the concept of the Supernatural is studied. Giraudoux demonstrates the impotence and apparent immorality of God and the Gods. There is, however, a strong feeling of an exterior force. Fate, which must not be disturbed, and which is symbolised by the sleeping tiger in La Guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu. It becomes clear that this force stems from within man himself, and is revealed especially in his inner desire for war. Some characters become suddenly aware of the role which they must play, and they are known as the 'elect', and the moment when they become aware of this role is described by the verb ‘se declarer'. War is the next theme studied, and it is seen that the only hope for mankind in overcoming his warlike nature lies in the power of love, and in particular in the power of the 'couple'. What Giraudoux expects from the 'couple' is examined next, and what special type of woman is required to form this 'couple' is discovered by studying the female characters in each of the plays. The fifth chapter deals with the major symbol in Giraudoux’s work, Dawn. It is the symbol of his hope for the future of mankind. In the sixth chapter the principles upon which Giraudoux bases his theatre are examined, and this is followed by a study of the linguistic and theatrical devices which he employs in order to present his themes. The effect of his partnership with Louis Jouvet is also seen, and in conclusion the relationship of Giraudoux to the dramatists who have preceded him and succeeded him is considered

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Vascular Flora of the Allison Prairie, Lawrence County, Illinois

Allison Prairie in Lawrence County, Illinois is a five acre recreation of a gravel prairie. The Allison Prairie Restoration is the largest and best remaining example of a sand and gravel prairie in the Wabash Border Natural Division of Illinois. A total of 112 species of vascular plants representing 35 families are known to exist at the Allison Prairie Restoration (Table 1). Heterotheca camporum (Greene) Shinners (golden aster), Melilotus alba Medic. (white sweet clover), and Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth (dropseed) are dominants (Table 2 and 3). There is 1 gymnosperm species, Juniperus virginiana L. (red cedar), 30 monocot species and 81 dicot species. The largest family represented is the Poaceae with 22 species followed by the Asteraceae with 15 species and the Rosaceae with 9 species. Presently, a minimum of 28 of the 85 prairie plant species identified by Schwegman and others in a 1988 survey of cemetery and railroad prairies in the Wabash Border Natural Division are present on the site. Twenty-six of the species identified are alien, not native to Illinois. This represents 23% of the species occurring at the Allison Prairie Restoration. Melilotus alba Medic. (white sweet clover), Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas (yellow sweet clover) and Pastinaca sativa L. (parsnip) are common exotic species with Melilotus alba Medic. being a dominant. This site contains the state endangered royal catchfly, Silene regia (Herkert 1991) and is the only privately owned royal catchfly population for which a management agreement exists (Edgin 1998). According to Ulaszek and Ketzner in their report to the Illinois Natural History Survey in 1991 the Allison Prairie Restoration is one of only four remaining locations of the royal catchfly in Illinois. The site also contains one other noteworthy species Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. (prickly-pear cactus.) (Figure 4). Future restoration efforts on the Allison Prairie site should focus on the continued removal of woody and herbaceous exotic species. Realistically, exotic species will probably always plague this site due to its disturbed and fragmented nature. However, keeping exotic species numbers below twenty percent should be an attainable objective. Continued seeding, transplanting and root-stock planting should occur with particular attention being paid to those species identified by Schwegman and others as being representative of the Wabash Border Division. From this list, plants such as Aristida purpurascens Poir (arrowfeather), Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) Hitchc. (dropseed), Amorpha fruticosa L. (false indigo), Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woodson (tall green milkweed), Asclepias tuberosa L. ssp. interior Woodson (butterfly weed), Lithrospermum carolinense (J.F. Gmel.) MacM. (hairy pucoon), Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. (gray-headed coneflower), and Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh. (fragrant coneflower) should receive primary focus as these plants represent dominants or typical associates in other gravel prairie sites like those in Tazewell County or Rock River Valley. Special consideration should be given to plants like Sisyrinchium albibum Raf. (blue-eyed grass), Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. (false toadflax), Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Spreng. (June grass), Echinacea palIida Nutt. (pale coneflower), Oxalis violacea L. (purple oxalis), Dodecatheon meadia L. (shooting -star), Corydalis micrantha (Engelm.) Gray (slender corydalis), and Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Even though these plants did not make Schwegman\u27s 1988 list, they represent common plants of gravel prairie remnants in northern Illinois which could also be included in the Allison Prairie Restoration. Future analysis of the site should focus on a more in-depth soil analysis to determine the exact soil type and soil condition at the site. Emphasis should be placed on identifying trace elements possibly present in the soil which might indicate the degree to which earlier dumping on the site has affected restoration efforts

Vascular Flora of the Allison Prairie, Lawrence County, Illinois

Allison Prairie in Lawrence County, Illinois is a five acre recreation of a gravel prairie. The Allison Prairie Restoration is the largest and best remaining example of a sand and gravel prairie in the Wabash Border Natural Division of Illinois. A total of 112 species of vascular plants representing 35 families are known to exist at the Allison Prairie Restoration (Table 1). Heterotheca camporum (Greene) Shinners (golden aster), Melilotus alba Medic. (white sweet clover), and Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth (dropseed) are dominants (Table 2 and 3). There is 1 gymnosperm species, Juniperus virginiana L. (red cedar), 30 monocot species and 81 dicot species. The largest family represented is the Poaceae with 22 species followed by the Asteraceae with 15 species and the Rosaceae with 9 species. Presently, a minimum of 28 of the 85 prairie plant species identified by Schwegman and others in a 1988 survey of cemetery and railroad prairies in the Wabash Border Natural Division are present on the site. Twenty-six of the species identified are alien, not native to Illinois. This represents 23% of the species occurring at the Allison Prairie Restoration. Melilotus alba Medic. (white sweet clover), Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas (yellow sweet clover) and Pastinaca sativa L. (parsnip) are common exotic species with Melilotus alba Medic. being a dominant. This site contains the state endangered royal catchfly, Silene regia (Herkert 1991) and is the only privately owned royal catchfly population for which a management agreement exists (Edgin 1998). According to Ulaszek and Ketzner in their report to the Illinois Natural History Survey in 1991 the Allison Prairie Restoration is one of only four remaining locations of the royal catchfly in Illinois. The site also contains one other noteworthy species Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. (prickly-pear cactus.) (Figure 4). Future restoration efforts on the Allison Prairie site should focus on the continued removal of woody and herbaceous exotic species. Realistically, exotic species will probably always plague this site due to its disturbed and fragmented nature. However, keeping exotic species numbers below twenty percent should be an attainable objective. Continued seeding, transplanting and root-stock planting should occur with particular attention being paid to those species identified by Schwegman and others as being representative of the Wabash Border Division. From this list, plants such as Aristida purpurascens Poir (arrowfeather), Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) Hitchc. (dropseed), Amorpha fruticosa L. (false indigo), Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woodson (tall green milkweed), Asclepias tuberosa L. ssp. interior Woodson (butterfly weed), Lithrospermum carolinense (J.F. Gmel.) MacM. (hairy pucoon), Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. (gray-headed coneflower), and Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh. (fragrant coneflower) should receive primary focus as these plants represent dominants or typical associates in other gravel prairie sites like those in Tazewell County or Rock River Valley. Special consideration should be given to plants like Sisyrinchium albibum Raf. (blue-eyed grass), Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. (false toadflax), Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Spreng. (June grass), Echinacea palIida Nutt. (pale coneflower), Oxalis violacea L. (purple oxalis), Dodecatheon meadia L. (shooting -star), Corydalis micrantha (Engelm.) Gray (slender corydalis), and Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Even though these plants did not make Schwegman\u27s 1988 list, they represent common plants of gravel prairie remnants in northern Illinois which could also be included in the Allison Prairie Restoration. Future analysis of the site should focus on a more in-depth soil analysis to determine the exact soil type and soil condition at the site. Emphasis should be placed on identifying trace elements possibly present in the soil which might indicate the degree to which earlier dumping on the site has affected restoration efforts

Verbena stricta Vent.

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Active flutter control for flexible vehicles, volume 1

An active flutter control methodology based on linear quadratic gaussian theory and its application to the control of a super critical wing is presented. Results of control surface and sensor position optimization are discussed. Both frequency response matching and residualization used to obtain practical flutter controllers are examined. The development of algorithms and computer programs for flutter modeling and active control design procedures is reported

Testing for stochastic dominance in social networks

Also can be found at https://ideas.repec.org/p/adl/wpaper/2017-02.htmlThis paper illustrates how stochastic dominance criteria can be used to rank social networks in terms of efficiency, and develops statistical inference procedures for as- sessing these criteria. The tests proposed can be viewed as extensions of a Pearson goodness-of-fit test and a studentized maximum modulus test often used to partially rank income distributions and inequality measures. We establish uniform convergence of the empirical size of the tests to the nominal level, and show their consistency under the usual conditions that guarantee the validity of the approximation of a multinomial distribution to a Gaussian distribution. Furthermore, we propose a bootstrap method that enhances the finite-sample properties of the tests. The performance of the tests is illustrated via Monte Carlo experiments and an empirical application to risk sharing networks in rural IndiaFirmin Doko Tchatoka, Robert Garrard and Virginie Masso

Absolute Calibration of the Auger Fluorescence Detectors

Absolute calibration of the Pierre Auger Observatory fluorescence detectors uses a light source at the telescope aperture. The technique accounts for the ombined effects of all detector components in a single measurement. The calibrated 2.5 m diameter light source fills the aperture, providing uniform illumination to each pixel. The known flux from the light source and the response of the acquisition system give the required calibration for each pixel. In the lab, light source uniformity is studied using CCD images and the intensity is measured relative to NIST-calibrated photodiodes. Overall uncertainties are presently 12%, and are dominated by systematics.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure. Submitted to the 29th ICRC, Pune, Indi

Relation of the Radial Gradient of Cosmic-Ray Protons to the Size of the Solar-Modulation Region

The radial intensity-gradient of cosmic-ray protons has been calculated for a range of values of the distance to the boundary of a spherically symmetric solar-modulation region. We find that the radial dependence of the gradients may be described in terms of two characteristic domains of the modulation region: (a) an "inner region" where the gradients are relatively small and constant, and (b), an "outer region"' where the gradients are large and show a strong radial dependence. The magnitude of the gradient in the inner region is small for reasonable values for the physical parameters of the modulation mechanism

Paper Session I-C - Multifunctional Air Revitalization Systems

The end goal in developing air revitalization systems is improved performance and enhanced capability to enable long-duration interplanetary life support. The evolution of current and near-term techniques is the most likely path to achieve future systems in which consumables are regenerated to effect weight and cost savings. Regenerative solid amine sorbents are now in use in the Space Shuttle Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO); currently, the solid amine performs only the carbon dioxide (CO2) removal function. Testing was conducted on solid amines to better understand the behavior during CO2 adsorption and the influences of trace contaminant gases. Tests were conducted, beginning hi 1991, using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) system and on a sorbent column linked to a mass spectrometer and a gas chromatograph to ascertain the ability of the solid amine to remove CO2 and trace contaminants. Solid amine adsorption and desorption test data were obtained for trace contaminants representing corrosive and reactive compounds typical of space cabin atmospheres. Test results show that the solid amine has the ability to regeneratively remove trace contaminants, although some highly corrosive gases bond irreversibly. The TGA system proved to be a rapid, versatile method to screen trace contaminants for effects on solid amine; the column system provided more realistic conditions and analysis of off-gas products. Both analysis tools have provided initial capability to assess regenerative air revitalization techniques that may then be combined to create a multifunctional, closed-loop atmosphere purification system